DESCRIPTION OF ISSA MIX DESIGN TESTS EVALUATED 

DESCRIPTION OF ISSA MIX DESIGN TESTS EVALUATED 

ISSA Design Method for Slurry Seal, ISSA A105 (ISSA, 2005)

This guideline and specification is the most widely used procedure for the design of Slurry Seal. The components of the mix are tested first.The mineral filler can be any non-air entrained hydrated lime or Portland cement. This mineral filler has to conform with ASTM D-242 as well (Ramirez, 1994). Based on the ISSA specification, the asphalt emulsions type can be: SS-1, SS-1h, CSS-1, CSS-1h, QS-1h, CQS-1h or Quick-Set Mixing Grade as specified in ASTM D977 (ASTM,2003) and D2397 (ASTM, 1999), with the caveat that the cement mixing test can be waived. In addition, the asphalt emulsion must have a minimum of 60% residue (ASTM, 1999). The emulsion residue must have a penetration value of 40 to 90, which is 0.1 mm at 25°C (77°F), Below is the description of tests based on mix test recommended by the ISSA for Slurry Seal.
Again, in the ISSA mix design, not all tests are required and designers are permitted to eliminate tests based on their past experience with the material.

ASTM Design Method for Slurry Seal, ASTM D3910-98 (ASTM, 1998)

Similar to ISSA A105, ASTM D3910-98 guideline and specification are another widely used procedure for the design of Slurry Seal. Based on this standard, the components of the mix are tested first.The mineral filler can be any non-air entrained hydrated lime or Portland cement. This mineral filler has to conform with ASTM D-1073 as well. Based on the ASTM specification for slurry Seal, the asphalt emulsion has to be a SS-1h, CSS-1h, QS-1h or a CQS-1h.
Also, the aggregate has to pass the following tests and criteria:
1. Quality requirements of ASTM Specification D1073 (ASTM, 2001).
2. Sand equivalent no less than 45.
3. % of smooth-textured sand of less than 1.25.
4. Water absorption less than 50% of the total combined aggregate

ISSA TB111 – Outline Guide Design Procedure for Slurry Seal (ISSA, 2005)

ISSA TB111 presents a different method of design procedure for Slurry Seal. This design procedure suggests ranges of variation for the input design variables and provides a method to choose the optimum design while ISSA A-105 does not suggest any method to choose the optimum design. ISSA TB111 was developed from papers presented by Huffman, Benedict, Gordillo, and others at the ISSA World Congress in Madrid and the Asphalt Emulsion Manufacturers Association (AEMA) convention in Phoenix, in 1977. The method has two parts.
Part I is about primary design considerations. In this part, information such as pavement surface condition, climate condition, and traffic volume are considered. Then objective of surface treatments is stated. These objectives can be improving skid resistance of surface, crack filling, or rut correction. At the end part I suitable aggregate type, gradation and asphalt emulsion materials are selected.
Part II is about developing a job mix formula for the selected materials in part I. Firstly, theoretical bitumen requirement (BR) is obtained by adding the percent bitumen required for an 8µm coating and the percent required for absorption. Percent bitumen required for an 8µm coating is determined by Surface Area Method. The surface area of aggregate is calculated by multiplying the percent of aggregate passing a given sieve by a surface area factor based on the sieve size. The surface area of the aggregate is determined for each particle size and then summed to obtain the total surface area in square meter per kilogram (m²/kg).

ISSA Design Method for Micro-surfacing, ISSA A143

ISSA A143 guideline and specification is the most widely used mix design procedure for micro-surfacing. This is the first difference between ISSA mix design procedures for slurry seal and microsurfacing. It should be noted that type III aggregate gradation is coarser and more appropriate
for high traffic load and volume. ISSA mix design procedure for micro-surfacing recommend the maximum sand equivalent of 65% for aggregate while the recommended amount for slurry seal is a maximum of 45% for sand equivalent. This indicates that the aggregate use for micro-surfacing should have less relative proportion of detrimental fine dust or clay-like particles in fine portion of aggregates. In other words, the quality of microsurfacing aggregates should be higher than quality of aggregates use for slurry seal.However, ISSA recommends same durability/soundness characteristics for aggregates used in micro-surfacing and slurry seal. The binder is normally a quick traffic, polymer modified, asphalt emulsion conforming to the requirements of ASTM D2397 for CSS-1h (the cement mixing test is waived).
In addition, the asphalt emulsion must have a minimum of 62% residue after distillation using ASTM D244 . This indicates that asphalt emulsion used in micro-surfacing should have higher asphalt residue

Caltrans Mix Design Method for Slurry Seal and Micro-surfacing (Caltrans,2004)

California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) developed a single mix design procedure for both slurry seal and micro-surfacing (Caltrans, 2005). The difference between slurry seal and micro-surfacing can be defined in terms of both chemical and performance differences.
Caltrans researchers concluded that for the purpose of mix design, these chemical differences are not relevant. Therefore, Caltrans research team considers that the procedures are the same for both slurry seal and micro-surfacing systems. Similar to other mix design procedures, the components of the mix are tested first. Aggregate gradation, asphalt emulsion and their chemical characteristics has to conform to ISSA specification for slurry seal and microsurfacing. After the materials have been selected, the proportions of aggregate, water, emulsion, and additives are determined. For this, the German mix test is used to determine the mix and spread indices. German Mix Tester develop a graph from which the numbers for Mix and spread indices can be read.

 

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Table des matières

CHAPITRE 1 RESEARCH PROBLEMS, OBJECTIVES 
1.1 Treatments of Asphalt Pavement Preservation
1.2 Researches Problem
1.3 Research Objectives
1.4 Organization of Thesis
CHAPITRE 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Slurry Seal Mix Design Procedures
2.2.1 ISSA Design Method for Slurry Seal, ISSA A105
2.2.2 ASTM Design Method for Slurry Seal, ASTM D3910-98
2.2.3 ISSA TB111 – Outline Guide Design Procedure for Slurry Seal
2.3 Micro-Surfacing Mix Design Procedures
2.3.1 ISSA Design Method for Micro-surfacing, ISSA A143
2.3.2 ASTM Design Method for Micro-Surfacing, ASTM D 6372-99a
2.3.3 TTI Design Method for Micro-surfacing, TTI 1289
2.3.4 Caltrans Mix Design Method for Slurry Seal and Micro-surfacing
CHAPITRE 3 MATERIALS USED IN STUDY 
3.1 Mineral Aggregates
3.2 Aggregates gradation
3.3 Asphalt Emulsion
CHAPITRE 4 DESIGN OF THE EXPERIMENT 
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Dependent Variables (Responses)
4.3 Independent Variables (Factors)
4.4 Study Design
4.4.1 Study Design, Phase І
4.4.2 Study Design, Phase ІІ
4.5 Statistical Analysis of Results
CHAPITRE 5 DESCRIPTION OF ISSA MIX DESIGN TESTS EVALUATED 
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Technical descriptions of the test apparatus and procedures
5.2.1 Mixing Time Test (ISSA TB 113)
5.2.2 Modified Cohesion Test (ISSA TB 139) .
5.2.3 Wet Track Abrasion Test (ISSA TB 100)
5.2.4 Loaded Wheel Test (ISSA TB 109)
5.2.5 Multilayer Loaded Wheel Test
Vertical & Lateral Displacement (Method A-ISSA TB 109)
5.2.6 Wet Stripping Test
CHAPITRE 6 STUDY OF MICRO-SURFACING DESIGN PARAMETERS
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Loaded wheel test result analysis
6.3 Wet Track Abrasion Test Result Analysis
6.3.1 Test Result Analysis of 1-Hour Soaked Samples
6.3.2 Test Result Analysis of 6-Day Soaked Samples
6.4 Relative Moisture Retained in the samples
6.4.1 Relative Moisture Retained in the samples of Loaded Wheel Test
6.4.2 Relative Moisture
Retained in the samples of Wet Track Abrasion Test
6.5 Modified Cohesion Test Results Analysis
6.5.1 Test Results Analysis for Cohesion at 30 minutes
6.5.2 Test Results Analysis for Cohesion at 60 minutes
6.6 Mixing Time Test Results Analysis
6.7 Results Summary
CHAPITRE 7 MODIFICATION TO ISSA A-143 MIX DESIGN PROCEDURE 
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Modification to Outline Guide Design Procedure for Micro-surfacing
7.2.1 Preliminary design considerations
7.2.2 Job Mix Formula Procedures
7.3 Validate Modified Design Procedure for Three Types of Aggregates
CONCLUSION

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